Palavras-chave
Recém-nascido de muito baixo peso
Como Citar
Resumo
A mortalidade em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso (RNMBP) representa até 50%-70% da mortalidade neonatal e até 25%-30% da mortalidade infantil. Apesar do aumento global nas taxas de sobrevida, esta população continua apresentando um risco elevado de desenvolver atrasos no neurodesenvolvimento a longo prazo, doença pulmonar crônica, desnutrição, deficiências visuais e auditivas. A composição microbiana intestinal dos RNMBP difere daquela dos recém-nascidos a termo e é tipicamente dominada por patobiontes. Neste estudo, caracterizamos a composição bacteriana da microbiota intestinal dos RNMBP nascidos num hospital pediátrico público de referência e terciária em Montevidéu, Uruguai, mediante o sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA de comprimento total utilizando tecnologias Oxford Nanopore. Descrevemos uma alta predominância de Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli nesses recém-nascidos. Ao sequenciar amostras de matéria fecal em dois momentos diferentes da hospitalização, mostramos que a diversidade da comunidade microbiana aumenta com o tempo, com uma maior abundância relativa de Bacteroides e Veillonella. Além disso, descrevemos o efeito da exposição prolongada a antibióticos na composição. Diferentes espécies do gênero Klebsiella foram observadas juntamente com Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii e Veillonella parvula em maior abundância relativa em pacientes tratados com antibióticos por mais de cinco dias. Em conjunto, nossas descobertas lançam luz sobre o desenvolvimento e o estabelecimento de comunidades microbianas nos primeiros anos de vida na América do Sul. Nossos resultados apontam para o uso de antibióticos pós-natais como um fator importante que orquestra esse processo. Integrar considerações sobre a saúde da comunidade microbiana no cuidado clínico de bebês prematuros é crucial para melhorar o desenvolvimento a longo prazo.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Catalina Vaz Ferreira, Josefina Vera, Mario Moraes, Nadia Riera