Palavras-chave
Intoxicação por Chumbo
Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento
Criança
Como Citar
Resumo
Introdução: o chumbo, reconhecido como um dos principais poluentes pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), representa uma ameaça à saúde infantil, incluindo seu impacto no neurodesenvolvimento, com consequências graves, duradouras e expressivos custos sociais. É fundamental analisar essa problemática para influenciar positivamente as políticas de saúde pública.
Objetivos: determinar a plumbemia em crianças de 12 a 42 meses com suspeita de transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, investigar fontes de exposição, realizar avaliação clínica padronizada do neurodesenvolvimento e estabelecer a relação entre os níveis de plumbemia e o perfil do neurodesenvolvimento.
Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com elaboração de história clínica ambiental, exame neurológico, aplicação da escala Bayley-III e dosagem de plumbemia por punção digital (sistema LeadCare).
Resultados: foram incluídos 47 pacientes, com média de idade de 30 meses. Os principais diagnósticos foram transtorno do espectro autista (50%) e transtornos da linguagem (34%), entre outros. Sessenta por cento (60%) das plumbemias foram <5 μg/dL. As principais fontes de exposição identificadas foram solo, queimadas, contaminação do bairro/comunitária e onicofagia. Os dois últimos fatores associaram-se a níveis significativamente mais elevados de plumbemia. O vínculo com a atividade metalúrgica e o hábito de pica associaram-se a menores pontuações cognitivas e de linguagem na escala Bayley-III. Maior tempo de escolarização associou-se a menores níveis de plumbemia.
Conclusões: nosso estudo mostra que 62% das crianças apresentam níveis detectáveis de chumbo, destacando a necessidade de medidas preventivas. A escolarização precoce pode atuar como um fator de proteção. A onicofagia e o conhecimento/relato sobre a contaminação comunitária por chumbo constituem fontes de exposição relevantes. Recomendamos a ampliação das pesquisas e a implementação de políticas públicas para proteger o desenvolvimento infantil.
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Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Direitos autorais (c) 2026 Aroldo Morón, Laura Aguilar, Valeria Fraga, María José Moll, Santiago Mansilla, Darío Pose, Victoria Ruiz, Amalia Laborde, Gabriel González